In 1582, Nurhaci defeated other Jurchen tribes and unite them. In 1625, Nurhaci conqured Shenyang and make it the Manchurian capital.
1625 Conquest of Shenyang
In 1625, Nurhaci conqured Shenyang and make it the Manchurian capital.
1626 Nurhaci passed away
Nurhaci died in 1626.
Tiancong / Chongde
Temple Name: Taizong
Posthumous Name: Wendi
Name: Huangtaiji
Reign Years: 1626 to 1643
Hong Taiji continue to strengthen his artillery and continued to attack the Ming Empire. He renamed thier Empire from Later Jin to Great Qing Empire.
Emperor Shunzhi
Temple Name: Shizu
Posthumous Name: Zhangdi
Name: Fulin
Reign Years: 1643 to 1661
Emperor Shunzhi was a 5 years old child and the regent, Dorgon ruled on behalf of the Emperor. The priority of the Emperor was to defeat the remaining forces of the Ming Dynasty. The last major forces was defeated in 1659 when Koxingga retreated to Taiwan.
Wu Sangui, the general guarding the Great Wall at Shanhai Pass sided the Manchus during the internal conflict with Li Zhicheng. Manchu tropps entered Shanhai pass and conqured Beijing in 1644.
Fulin announced founding of new dynasty in China on 30 October 1644. The new dyansty focused on conquring the rest of China. Emperor Shunzhi was a 5 years old child and the regent, Dorgon ruled on behalf ofthe Emperor. 13 years old Emperor Shunzhi ruled the empire himself from 1650 when Dorgon passed away.
Fulin announced founding of new dynasty in China on 30 October 1644. The new dyansty focused on conquring the rest of China. 13 years old Emperor Shunzhi ruled the empire himself from 1650 when Dorgon passed away.
Ming officals were reappointed to help stablised the empire. Ming officials and military leadres were persuaded to surrender. In 1645, Dorgon decreed all Ming men to have Manchu-style pigtails. Those who resisted were massacred. In 1646, Imperial exams was reestablished and continued till 1911.
Emperor Kangxi
Temple Name: Shengzu
Posthumous Name: Rendi
Name: Xuanye
Reign Years: 1661 to 1722
Emperor Kangxi ruled over a period when the empire started to flourish and the period was known as the "Prosperous Era of Kangxi and Qianlong". He had the longest reign among Emperors in Chinese History. In 1661, Emperor Kangxi restricted foreign trade to Guangzhou, Xiamen, Songjiang and Ningbo.
Emperor Yongzheng
Temple Name: Shizong
Posthumous Name: Xiandi
Name: Yinzhen
Reign Years: 1722 to 1735
Emperor Yongzhen continued the policies of the previous Empreror and continued Qing Empire's prosperous period. In 1733, the Grand Council was formed and it impacted Imperial China for generations.
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Emperor Qianlong
Temple Name: Gaozong
Posthumous Name: Chundi
Name: Hongji
Reign Years: 1735 to 1796
Emperor Qianlong ruled over the golden age of the Qing Empire. He ruled for 61 years. The empire grew to second largest in land area in Chinese history. Chinese literature also experienced huge growth. One of the four great classic novel "Dream of the Red Chamber" was written during this time. In 1796, he abdicated out of respect for his grandfather as he did not want to have a longer reign than his grandfather.
Emperor Qianling's greed resulted in decline of the empire. The costly invasion of Vietnam and Burma from 1695 to 1769 failed.
Emperor Jiaqing
Temple Name: Renzong
Posthumous Name: Ruidi
Name: Yongyan
Reign Years: 1796 to 1820
Emperor Jiaqing ruled over the period when the empire started to decline. The period of western missionary to China started.
September 1820, Emperor Jiaqing passed
Emperor Jiaqing passed away at Chengde Summer Palace Hall of Refreshing Mists and Waves.
Emperor Daoguang
Temple Name: Xuanzong
Posthumous Name: Chengdi
Name: Minning
Reign Years: 1820 to 1850
Emperor Daoguang ruled over the period when the Qing Empire when to war with Europe.
June 1839 Lin Zexu destruction of opium at Humen, Guangdong
1840-1842 First Opium War
Emperor Xianfeng
Temple Name: Wenzong
Posthumous Name: Xiandi
Name: Yizhu
Reign Years: 1850 to 1861
Taiping Rebellion 1851-1864
Emperor Xianfeng ruled over the period with internal rebellions while Britain and France trying to expand their empire into China.
Taiping Rebellion 1851-1864
The Taiping Rebellion occurred in Southern China and almost ended Qing Dybasty's rule.
Three other Rebellions 1854-1873
Miao people rebellion around 1800 and 1854-1873, Panthay rebellion in Yunnan 1855-1873, Hakka people and Punit people ethnic war 1855-1867.
1856-1860 Second Opium War
1860, Anglo-French Allied Forces invasion of Beijing
Anglo-French Allied Forces invasion of Beijing and destroyed the Imperial Garden Yuanmingyuan. Emperor Xianfeng fled to Chengde.
September 1860, Signing of unequal treaty
Emperor Xianfeng signed the unequal treaty at Chengde Summer Palace Hall of Refreshing Mists and Waves
August 1861, Emperor Xianfeng passed away
Emperor Xianfeng passed away at Chengde Summer Palace Hall of Refreshing Mists and Waves.
Emperor Tongzhi
Temple Name: Muzong
Posthumous Name: Yidi
Name: Zaichun
Reign Years: 1861 to 1875
Emperor Tongzhi was the emperor but the real ruler was Empress Dowager from 1861 - 1908.
During this period, there were the Muslim Revolt 1864-1877, Famines 1876-1879 and 1907. There was also the Huang River flooding in 1887. There was also the economic crisis in later 1800 when western imports caused unployment.
Emperor Guangxu
Temple Name: Dezong
Posthumous Name: Jingdi
Name: Zaitian
Reign Years: 1875 to 1908
Empress Dowager continues the rule. Japanese took Taiwan and Liaoning 1894-5. He attempted to introduce change with the Hundred Days' Reform. There was opposition from the ruling elite and a coup led him to be Emperor Guangxu to be imprisoned by Cixi in 1898. Boxer rebellion started in 1900.
1 August 1894 - 17 April 1895 First Sino-Japanese War
Emperor Xuantong
Temple Name: Gongzong
Posthumous Name: Xundi
Name: Puyi
Reign Years: 1908 to 1911
Empress Dowager died in 1908. 2 years old Emperor Xuantong became the last emperor. The emperor's father Prince Zaifeng became the regent. The revolution by Dr Sun Yet Sun overthrow the Qing Dynasty in 1911.
1924 Puyi left Forbidden City
In 1924, Puyi expelled from the palace and left through the Gate of Divine Prowess.
